冷卻塔振動測試

早期國(guo)內在冷(leng)卻(que)塔測(ce)(ce)(ce)試中，對(dui)(dui)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)沒(mei)有(you)引起(qi)重(zhong)視(shi)，沒(mei)有(you)列入測(ce)(ce)(ce)試項(xiang)目中，現(xian)列為冷(leng)卻(que)塔測(ce)(ce)(ce)試項(xiang)目之一(yi)(yi)，因它(ta)關系到冷(leng)卻(que)塔的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)平衡問(wen)題及聲(sheng)音的(de)(de)固體傳布問(wen)題，引起(qi)同行(xing)(xing)們的(de)(de)關注和(he)重(zhong)視(shi)。但(dan)對(dui)(dui)冷(leng)卻(que)塔的(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)與(yu)平衡測(ce)(ce)(ce)試，目前(qian)還沒(mei)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)規范和(he)檢(jian)驗標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，故也還沒(mei)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)評(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)好(hao)與(yu)差(cha)的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，只是(shi)與(yu)同類冷(leng)卻(que)塔進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)相對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)較而言。1、測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀(yi)(yi)器丹麥(mai)B&K廠家(jia)制(zhi)造的(de)(de)精密聲(sheng)級計(ji)，或仿B&K廠家(jia)制(zhi)造的(de)(de)國(guo)產ND2型精密聲(sheng)級計(ji)，都附(fu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)套測(ce)(ce)(ce)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)附(fu)件(jian)，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)就用(yong)該(gai)套附(fu)件(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，亦可(ke)用(yong)ZDS-4閃光動(dong)(dong)平衡儀(yi)(yi)、平秤、橡皮泥進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。2、測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：因為對(dui)(dui)冷(leng)卻(que)塔的(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)與(yu)平衡測(ce)(ce)(ce)試還沒(mei)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)規范和(he)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，所以(yi)(yi)在測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)也還沒(mei)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。一(yi)(yi)般情況下，對(dui)(dui)逆(ni)流式(shi)冷(leng)卻(que)塔代表(biao)(biao)性的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)圖10-16所示(shi)。在正常情況下，測(ce)(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)值自上(shang)而下逐漸減(jian)少。振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)值是(shi)以(yi)(yi)μ微米為單位(wei)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)的(de)(de)。測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)④是(shi)主要(yao)部位(wei)，該(gai)處振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)包括(kuo)水平方(fang)向和(he)垂直方(fang)向越小，說明整機運(yun)轉平穩，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)屬(shu)于良好(hao)狀態(tai)。3、測(ce)(ce)(ce)試報(bao)告委托單位(wei)：測(ce)(ce)(ce)試對(dui)(dui)象：測(ce)(ce)(ce)試內容(rong)：工藝條件(jian)：使用(yong)儀(yi)(yi)器：測(ce)(ce)(ce)試地點(dian)(dian)：測(ce)(ce)(ce)試人員：測(ce)(ce)(ce)試日期：測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：附(fu)上(shang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖測(ce)(ce)(ce)試數(shu)據：附(fu)上(shang)按布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)數(shu)據記錄表(biao)(biao)表(biao)(biao)10-3。有(you)必要(yao)時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)頻(pin)普(pu)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)建(jian)議：對(dui)(dui)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)結果與(yu)同類塔的(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)與(yu)平衡進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)較，作出(chu)適當(dang)的(de)(de)評(ping)價。對(dui)(dui)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試中出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)，并提出(chu)建(jian)議。附(fu)表(biao)(biao)1：噪聲(sheng)特性測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)結果表(biao)(biao)。附(fu)表(biao)(biao)2：熱工測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)記錄整理匯總表(biao)(biao)。

冷卻塔制作需要什么設備

冷卻塔(ta)(ta)生(sheng)產(chan)制(zhi)作(zuo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)什么(me)設(she)備(bei)1、氣動設(she)備(bei)1真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于清(qing)除黏(nian)性較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)和(he)(he)揮發(fa)物。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)袋(dai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)外部(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使(shi)鋪層緊(jin)貼在(zai)(zai)復合(he)(he)材料(liao)部(bu)件上(shang)(shang)，并使(shi)其固(gu)化(hua)(hua)。2空(kong)(kong)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)空(kong)(kong)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)為(wei)有(you)(you)效壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊(jin)修(xiu)補鋪層，固(gu)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)至(zhi)少(shao)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)維持65～70kPa的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)只有(you)(you)10～20kW。雖然作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)方向與(yu)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)相反，但(dan)實際上(shang)(shang)兩者配合(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。將手(shou)工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)放入橡膠(jiao)(jiao)袋(dai)中(zhong)通過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣或蒸汽加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)0、25～0、15MPa。2、加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)1熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)罐是(shi)(shi)一種臥式(shi)(shi)金屬器，一般(ban)(ban)為(wei)圓筒(tong)形式(shi)(shi)，體(ti)積(ji)較大(da)(da)。容器內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)軌道(dao)，裝有(you)(you)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)FRP制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)如冷卻塔(ta)(ta)分塊(kuai)塔(ta)(ta)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬小(xiao)(xiao)車可(ke)直接經罐口推入熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)罐，一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)200℃溫度(du)(du)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)操(cao)作(zuo)罐內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)氣循環(huan)系(xi)統，保(bao)證FRP固(gu)化(hua)(hua)區域溫度(du)(du)變化(hua)(hua)在(zai)(zai)±1℃之內(nei)(nei)。具有(you)(you)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)系(xi)統和(he)(he)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)施，以(yi)及相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)視FRP尺(chi)寸大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)定(ding)。2烘(hong)窯固(gu)化(hua)(hua)窯烘(hong)窯用(yong)(yong)途(tu)同(tong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)罐，用(yong)(yong)于固(gu)化(hua)(hua)，造價較低(di)，尺(chi)寸較大(da)(da)，溫度(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)范(fan)圍(wei)更寬。烘(hong)窯砌筑要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)密封，不留(liu)縫隙，窯壁襯有(you)(you)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)材料(liao)，絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)性好，溫度(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)可(ke)從(cong)室溫到300℃。基本能(neng)進行聚(ju)酯樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)酚醛樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)后(hou)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)。窯內(nei)(nei)功能(neng)和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)同(tong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)罐，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于尺(chi)寸較大(da)(da)、數量(liang)(liang)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)FRP制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。3電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)毯(tan)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)毯(tan)是(shi)(shi)一種可(ke)以(yi)彎曲覆蓋在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)表面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)漸廣。要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)毯(tan)面積(ji)至(zhi)少(shao)超出維修(xiu)或制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)邊緣50mm。烘(hong)箱、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)罐、電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)毯(tan)均要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)有(you)(you)從(cong)0、5～15℃min的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)速(su)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力，在(zai)(zai)環(huan)境(jing)溫度(du)(du)-12℃時(shi)(shi)仍能(neng)維持180℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)，推薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)毯(tan)容量(liang)(liang)0、8Wmm2。3、冷藏設(she)備(bei)FRP生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)維修(xiu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膠(jiao)(jiao)膜、黏(nian)結劑(ji)(ji)、預(yu)浸料(liao)需(xu)在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫下保(bao)存，以(yi)延(yan)長有(you)(you)限存貯(zhu)壽(shou)命。這(zhe)些材料(liao)一般(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)-12℃以(yi)下存儲，膠(jiao)(jiao)膜在(zai)(zai)-18℃條件下可(ke)存貯(zhu)150d。冷藏設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期制(zhi)冷能(neng)力應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)-20℃左右，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)體(ti)積(ji)按需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)購置。4、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂設(she)備(bei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂設(she)備(bei)俗稱噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)，是(shi)(shi)手(shou)糊成型工(gong)(gong)藝中(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具，但(dan)又只能(neng)算一個小(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)(gong)具見(jian)(jian)圖11-4中(zhong)d，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)是(shi)(shi)將固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)促進劑(ji)(ji)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等通過(guo)不同(tong)管道(dao)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)混(hun)合(he)(he)后(hou)直接噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)糊上(shang)(shang)去(qu)，可(ke)連同(tong)無(wu)捻粗紗(sha)一同(tong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)出，也可(ke)單獨噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)出樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到人工(gong)(gong)貼涂的(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃纖(xian)維上(shang)(shang)，再用(yong)(yong)滾動驅趕氣泡。樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)合(he)(he)分為(wei)內(nei)(nei)混(hun)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)外混(hun)式(shi)(shi)兩種。內(nei)(nei)混(hun)式(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)是(shi)(shi)將樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂設(she)備(bei)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)混(hun)合(he)(he)后(hou)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)出，因樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)很短，此(ci)方法易引起樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迅速(su)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)，造成噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴阻塞，故現在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)大(da)(da)多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)將樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)分別形成霧粒噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)出，以(yi)求(qiu)完全、均勻混(hun)合(he)(he)，并與(yu)短切纖(xian)維混(hun)合(he)(he)后(hou)共同(tong)散落(luo)在(zai)(zai)模具上(shang)(shang)。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)結構見(jian)(jian)圖11-5所(suo)示。