水資源概述

我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)簡要(yao)(yao)(yao)概述(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)必(bi)需(xu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)無法取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)依(yi)靠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而(er)(er)繁衍生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)、生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)像能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)那樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，煤(mei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完(wan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石油替代(dai)，石油用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完(wan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)核能，核能用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完(wan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)太陽能。世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)還(huan)(huan)沒有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)H2O的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工廠(chang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)引起(qi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)貧乏(fa)(fa)、緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，已(yi)經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)高(gao)(gao)速持續發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約瓶頸。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)以(yi)科(ke)(ke)學發(fa)展觀(guan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問題(ti)(ti)，合理科(ke)(ke)學地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，維護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)諧相處，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)協(xie)調發(fa)展，節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、循(xun)環(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、一(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)緩解(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)、平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)648mm，總(zong)(zong)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約6萬(wan)億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3，而(er)(er)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)貯量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)即水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)218124萬(wan)億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3，排(pai)在(zai)(zai)印(yin)度(du)(du)尼西(xi)(xi)亞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)第(di)6位。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)從(cong)(cong)(cong)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)算少，但按(an)(an)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)(shu)計(ji)算，世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12200m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)統計(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2200m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a，僅(jin)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1515。在(zai)(zai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)，排(pai)在(zai)(zai)88位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)按(an)(an)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)計(ji)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貧乏(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)28124億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，除(chu)冰川(chuan)、高(gao)(gao)山積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)雪(xue)、深(shen)(shen)山溪流(liu)、深(shen)(shen)層地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等，可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約11000億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3a，而(er)(er)按(an)(an)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術條(tiao)件和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)(shi)力，實(shi)(shi)際可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7000億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3。目前(qian)(qian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)排(pai)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約365億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3a，從(cong)(cong)(cong)1200條(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監測資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)料統計(ji)來(lai)看，受到(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)于(yu)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)含Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)850多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)條(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)，而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染了(le)(le)(le)(le)可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達2500多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，符合供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4500億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3。據2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)粗略統計(ji)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約3185億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3d，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)102518億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)81%，生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)19%，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口普及(ji)率(lv)(lv)達96%。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)近4000億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3a，加(jia)上(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)502518億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3。占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)28124億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17、87%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)11000億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)45、7%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)(shi)際可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)7000億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)71、8%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)符合供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)4500億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)117%。就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)500多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)自(zi)(zi)被(bei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染了(le)(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，而(er)(er)實(shi)(shi)際遠(yuan)超過(guo)此(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保證(zheng)自(zi)(zi)來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠(chang)出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)，達到(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)部頒(ban)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)》CJT206—2005和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)《生(sheng)(sheng)活飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛生(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)》GB5749—2006的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠(chang)在(zai)(zai)常規處理工藝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)設(she)置生(sheng)(sheng)物預(yu)處理，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)設(she)置了(le)(le)(le)(le)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭等吸附過(guo)濾(lv)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)處理，增加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)60%～70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)近50個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，200多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或面(mian)(mian)臨著水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)，因(yin)(yin)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)達幾(ji)千億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，如(ru)果城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)增長(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)按(an)(an)3、5%計(ji)，則2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1350、8億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3，2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1604、3億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)m3。到(dao)(dao)(dao)那時水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)會(hui)(hui)進(jin)一(yi)步突(tu)出(chu)(chu)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、循(xun)環(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、開(kai)辟第(di)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)勢在(zai)(zai)必(bi)行，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)、緩解(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)途徑(jing)(jing)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特(te)點(dian)1、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布很(hen)(hen)(hen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)從(cong)(cong)(cong)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)來(lai)說(shuo)，南(nan)方(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)短缺(que)(que)(que)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)更為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)。南(nan)方(fang)4個(ge)流(liu)域(yu)長(chang)(chang)江流(liu)域(yu)、華南(nan)諸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、東南(nan)諸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)諸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)81%，耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)僅(jin)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35、9%；北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)4個(ge)流(liu)域(yu)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)諸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、海灤河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)、淮河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)半島、黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14、4%，而(er)(er)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)58、3%。可(ke)見，從(cong)(cong)(cong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理分(fen)(fen)(fen)布來(lai)看，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)個(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)著經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。從(cong)(cong)(cong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)來(lai)計(ji)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)4區(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)938m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a，遠(yuan)低于(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨界(jie)(jie)值1700m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)海灤河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)只(zhi)有(you)(you)430m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a；南(nan)方(fang)4區(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4170m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)諸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)高(gao)(gao)達38431m3人(ren)(ren)(ren)·a，南(nan)方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4、4倍；西(xi)(xi)南(nan)諸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)與(yu)海灤河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)相比，前(qian)(qian)者人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)89倍。2、降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)(nei)、年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間變化(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)位于(yu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東亞季風區(qu)(qu)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配很(hen)(hen)(hen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻，徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)夏季，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)6～9月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)70%，80%。同(tong)時降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間變化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，少水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)與(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)持續出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。如(ru)京(jing)津魯(lu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末至(zhi)21世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀初(chu)連續出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，而(er)(er)長(chang)(chang)江流(liu)域(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)淮河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)又(you)(you)連續出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四川(chuan)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶卻(que)(que)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)干旱年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。長(chang)(chang)江、嘉陵(ling)江重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶段(duan)(duan)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)歷史(shi)最低枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位，航(hang)運停業、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫枯(ku)干。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)(nei)、年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)困(kun)難，使(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)際可(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)少得多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。同(tong)時江河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)洪(hong)、枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶來(lai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)困(kun)難，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)構(gou)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，許(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)含砂(sha)(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)困(kun)難因(yin)(yin)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)條(tiao)件限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)長(chang)(chang)期活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果，使(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)(lv)很(hen)(hen)(hen)低只(zhi)有(you)(you)12%，居世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)120位，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。據統計(ji)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)約150萬(wan)km2，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)16左右，每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)流(liu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)泥砂(sha)(sha)約50億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)t。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輸砂(sha)(sha)模數(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)1000tkm2面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)達60萬(wan)km2，黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)罕(han)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)泥砂(sha)(sha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輸砂(sha)(sha)模數(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)5000tkm2面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)1413萬(wan)km2，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、含砂(sha)(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)、淺(qian)灘多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。類(lei)(lei)似這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)段(duan)(duan)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)困(kun)難，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)構(gou)筑物既要(yao)(yao)(yao)適合水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)，又(you)(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)防止被(bei)泥砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖刷(shua)或被(bei)淤積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)堵塞，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)泥砂(sha)(sha)預(yu)沉池(chi)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)臨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：1、一(yi)次供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)天然(ran)補給可(ke)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)；2、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連續下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)落漏斗(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)；3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染，而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速度(du)(du)低于(yu)或慢(man)于(yu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染增長(chang)(chang)速度(du)(du)；4、出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)荒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)間隔年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)份逐漸縮(suo)短，豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)也(ye)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)荒，一(yi)般性(xing)(xing)(xing)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)逐漸下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期時間增長(chang)(chang)；5、調節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、技術、材(cai)料、管(guan)理對(dui)策和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)措(cuo)施(shi)缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)(fa)保障。經(jing)(jing)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合研究分(fen)(fen)(fen)析，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：京(jing)、津等地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末進(jin)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)；三北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)；長(chang)(chang)江沿北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及(ji)南(nan)方(fang)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)21世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀初(chu)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)；專家預(yu)測，全(quan)(quan)球將在(zai)(zai)2030年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右進(jin)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)開(kai)發(fa)、利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、保護、管(guan)理過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，受到(dao)(dao)(dao)來(lai)自(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)與(yu)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)兩大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)因(yin)(yin)素是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨(sui)機(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。從(cong)(cong)(cong)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合分(fen)(fen)(fen)析來(lai)說(shuo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著三個(ge)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)、三種形(xing)(xing)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)歷了(le)(le)(le)(le)三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，組成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)9類(lei)(lei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)問題(ti)(ti)。三個(ge)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)；治理費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)效(xiao)益矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)。三種形(xing)(xing)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)型(xing)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合型(xing)即缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)又(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)期階(jie)段(duan)(duan)；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)動態(tai)(tai)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)小于(yu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)又(you)(you)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)(qian)、中(zhong)(zhong)、后(hou)(hou)三期。上(shang)(shang)述(shu)9種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)問題(ti)(ti)，三北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)早而(er)(er)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，南(nan)方(fang)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沿海地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)同(tong)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)300多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)原因(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)共(gong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)能力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)而(er)(er)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)缺(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)200多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)如(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)解(jie)決好，必(bi)將影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續發(fa)展，開(kai)發(fa)西(xi)(xi)部崛起(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)部也(ye)難實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)方(fang)法緩解(jie)與(yu)解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)途徑(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)在(zai)(zai)農業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)改(gai)漫灌(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)噴灌(guan)、滴灌(guan)，防止渠(qu)道(dao)滲漏；在(zai)(zai)工業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)一(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，順序用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，循(xun)環(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)一(yi)戶(hu)一(yi)表，節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等。但首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)(yao)做好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規劃。循(xun)環(huan)冷卻(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來(lai)冷卻(que)(que)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設(she)備(bei)、、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷機(ji)(ji)等，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，通過(guo)冷卻(que)(que)設(she)備(bei)把(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低下(xia)(xia)(xia)來(lai)，再去冷卻(que)(que)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設(she)備(bei)或，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)往復(fu)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，僅(jin)補充少量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)循(xun)環(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。冷卻(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)節省了(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。同(tong)時冷卻(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)排(pai)放標(biao)準(zhun)后(hou)(hou)再經(jing)(jing)過(guo)濾(lv)等深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)處理后(hou)(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)循(xun)環(huan)冷卻(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)辟第(di)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，進(jin)行中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，對(dui)緩解(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊(jin)缺(que)(que)(que)、解(jie)決供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)起(qi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)保證(zheng)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

冷卻塔熱力計算焓差物理意義

1、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圖(tu)6-3中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)t為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)橫坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，i為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縱坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)橫坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)進(jin)(jin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)t1、出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)t2、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)球溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)τ及tm。因(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面有一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)很薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，這(zhe)(zhe)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)=1即=1不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，而(er)(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)從(cong)(cong)t1降(jiang)(jiang)低到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)t2，那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)濕(shi)(shi)圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按(an)(an)(an)=1不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，而(er)(er)t從(cong)(cong)t1到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)t2可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)找(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)i″1到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)i″2及與(yu)(yu)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)tx有相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i″x，把找(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i″1→i″2各(ge)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i″x繪(hui)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)圖(tu)6-3上(shang)(shang)去，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一條(tiao)B′—A′曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，B′—A′曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。按(an)(an)(an)橫坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)t1、t2、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)tm作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)垂(chui)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于B′—A′曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)B1即圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)A′點(dian)(dian)、B2、Bm，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i″1、i″2及i″m。B′—A′曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)B′點(dian)(dian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i1，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)球溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)τ時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)i1，i1是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)濕(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)A—B1以(yi)B′點(dian)(dian)向(xiang)右(you)(you)邊(bian)(bian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)t2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于A點(dian)(dian)，A點(dian)(dian)把塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)t2與(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)入塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)i1聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，反(fan)映(ying)了(le)(le)(le)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。從(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)述單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)Gdi=QdtK中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)didt=1K·QG，令GQ=λ氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)按(an)(an)(an)斜(xie)率(lv)1K·λ過(guo)A點(dian)(dian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)斜(xie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于t1A垂(chui)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)于B1點(dian)(dian)，AB1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，過(guo)B1點(dian)(dian)向(xiang)左(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i2值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，i2為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣，B1點(dian)(dian)把塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)t1與(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i2聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)。由(you)(you)于AB1直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)(le)(le)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)與(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)把AB1直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或叫工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，該(gai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任一點(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)了(le)(le)(le)各(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。i2與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)B′A′上(shang)(shang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于C點(dian)(dian)。其所(suo)(suo)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)t′2，這(zhe)(zhe)t′2相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)排(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)i2時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)球溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。3、焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)意義從(cong)(cong)圖(tu)6-3可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)AB1直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)，任一個(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)tx所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ix就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)該(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)A′B′曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)任一點(dian)(dian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)tx得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)該(gai)點(dian)(dian)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)界面上(shang)(shang)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i″x，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)直(zhi)距離Δix=i″x-ix就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)，稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)就(jiu)(jiu)靠(kao)此(ci)(ci)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。Δix越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)效果(guo)(guo)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)好(hao)。圖(tu)6-3中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)tm，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)im和(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i″m，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：Δim=i″m-im，此(ci)(ci)Δim就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)從(cong)(cong)t1→t2之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。把圖(tu)6-3與(yu)(yu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-24結合起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，對(dui)(dui)圖(tu)6-3中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)位(wei)置進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析，可(ke)(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如下(xia)三點(dian)(dian)物理(li)意義：1A′B′曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)AB1直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)離開(kai)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)Δix=i″x-ix值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-24右(you)(you)邊(bian)(bian)分(fen)母(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)i″-i越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，右(you)(you)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)右(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)左(zuo)邊(bian)(bian)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，左(zuo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)Q是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)填料(liao)體積(ji)V減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)體積(ji)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)了(le)(le)(le)，Δix越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，Δt=t1-t2值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)效果(guo)(guo)好(hao)。2如果(guo)(guo)把AB1空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)點(dian)(dian)A向(xiang)左(zuo)邊(bian)(bian)移，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說縮(suo)(suo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)幅(fu)高(gao)(gao)Δt′=t2-τ值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，由(you)(you)于飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)后(hou)大(da)(da)即坡度(du)先平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)緩(huan)(huan)后(hou)陡，Δt′縮(suo)(suo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)與(yu)(yu)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縮(suo)(suo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)以(yi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)了(le)(le)(le)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)就(jiu)(jiu)困難。這(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)(yu)前(qian)面討(tao)(tao)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)τ為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)極限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符合，即t2越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)接近(jin)τ，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)困難，填料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體積(ji)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)經(jing)(jing)濟，故(gu)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Δt′=t2-τ=3～5℃。3空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)AB1是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據斜(xie)率(lv)tg=1K·λ作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，λ=GQ，那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)λ，就(jiu)(jiu)有不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)率(lv)tg，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。當(dang)K值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一定時(shi)(shi)(shi)，λ值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)1Kλ值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)AB1線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡度(du)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)斜(xie)率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)緩(huan)(huan)tg小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，那(nei)(nei)么(me)(me)(me)Δix=i″x-ix值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)容(rong)易冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)好(hao)。但λ越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)風(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)G大(da)(da)，電(dian)耗增(zeng)大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)速大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)(li)也(ye)大(da)(da)。故(gu)設(she)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)λ值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)能無(wu)限增(zeng)大(da)(da)。應(ying)(ying)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)全(quan)面考慮(lv)，一般(ban)情況下(xia)，λ值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)0、6～1、5之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)討(tao)(tao)論(lun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，已得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)用容(rong)積(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)路易斯(si)Lewis數(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念，有效地簡(jian)化(hua)了(le)(le)(le)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)。路易斯(si)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗和(he)(he)(he)(he)研究(jiu)，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)面提到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)α與(yu)(yu)β之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)似(si)比(bi)例關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)αβx=αvβxv=Csh=0、25kcalkg·℃，稱(cheng)(cheng)路易斯(si)數(shu)(shu)。而(er)(er)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)從(cong)(cong)實驗獲得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)αβx并不(bu)(bu)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)于0、25kcalkg·℃，但麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)仍認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)αβx=Csh是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)(er)Csh=0、25kcalkg·℃，這(zhe)(zhe)說明(ming)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近(jin)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)近(jin)似(si)指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)αβx≈0、25kcalkg·℃，故(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)近(jin)似(si)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)θ時(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)tf等(deng)(deng)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)t時(shi)(shi)(shi)，其含濕(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)X″，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)求(qiu)(qiu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)Csh、i、i″三個(ge)參數(shu)(shu)，把式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-20總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)適當(dang)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)向(xiang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)散(san)(san)(san)(san)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-22就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。簡(jian)略地說，由(you)(you)于蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)和(he)(he)(he)(he)傳導(dao)(dao)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)任何部位(wei)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)該(gai)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i″和(he)(he)(he)(he)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)該(gai)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)i之(zhi)差(cha)(cha)(cha)成正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)比(bi)。逆(ni)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1、逆(ni)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)6-1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)逆(ni)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機械通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，Z為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)淋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)裝置高(gao)(gao)，A為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)斷面積(ji)，F為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)接觸面積(ji)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Qkgh，進(jin)(jin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)t1，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)t2，與(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Gkgh或m3h，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數(shu)(shu)由(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)θ1、1、X1、P1，變(bian)(bian)化(hua)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)θ2、2、X2、P2，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)由(you)(you)底部進(jin)(jin)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i1，到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)頂(ding)部出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口增(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)i2。研究(jiu)逆(ni)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)因(yin)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)及蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)所(suo)(suo)失(shi)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。2、逆(ni)流(liu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：Q×C×dtQ為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，C為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，dt為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。從(cong)(cong)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)dH=βxvi″-idV，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)兩(liang)(liang)者相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-23就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)(an)(an)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)求(qiu)(qiu)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最早使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)學(xue)基本方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，稱(cheng)(cheng)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。此(ci)(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，沒(mei)有考慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)因(yin)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)原因(yin)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)損失(shi)Qu，即Q沒(mei)有變(bian)(bian)。3、麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)別(bie)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)曼бepμaH對(dui)(dui)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，引(yin)入了(le)(le)(le)考慮(lv)因(yin)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)而(er)(er)帶走(zou)(zou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)1K，把式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-23修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-24：按(an)(an)(an)圖(tu)6-1，以(yi)dz單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)來(lai)(lai)研究(jiu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)散(san)(san)(san)(san)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。進(jin)(jin)入dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Q、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)t、進(jin)(jin)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Q×C×t。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)dQ，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降(jiang)(jiang)低為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)dt，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Q-dQ）·C·t-dt。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)dz中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用dHs表示，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)述兩(liang)(liang)部分(fen)之(zhi)差(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)過(guo)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，其含熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)提高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)，設(she)提高(gao)(gao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)di，空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Gkgh，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用dHk表示，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)dHk=Gdi。因(yin)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)散(san)(san)(san)(san)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)dHs應(ying)(ying)等(deng)(deng)于空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)dHk，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：令：K=1-tdQGdi，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：Gdi=QdtK。此(ci)(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)，稱(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。K值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)帶走(zou)(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)，單(dan)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)℃·kgkcal。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)dH應(ying)(ying)近(jin)似(si)地等(deng)(deng)于空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)dHk，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)dH=dHk，dH=βxvi″-idV，dHk=Gdi=QdtK，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)βxv為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)曼對(dui)(dui)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)(li)學(xue)基本方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，引(yin)進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)帶走(zou)(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)K，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建立在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)麥(mai)(mai)克(ke)(ke)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i″-i焓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)差(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)。4、對(dui)(dui)Gdi=QdtK方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)討(tao)(tao)論(lun)1此(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據dz層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)于空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)dHK得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，現對(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)方(fang)(fang)(fang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)積(ji)分(fen)：從(cong)(cong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-27、6-28可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)已知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)K、λ、t1、t2情況下(xia)，知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道i1，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)(ke)求(qiu)(qiu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i2，反(fan)之(zhi)，知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道i2，可(ke)(ke)(ke)求(qiu)(qiu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)i1。2蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)帶走(zou)(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)K值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)Gdi=Qdt1-tdQGdi中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，K=1-tdQGdi，從(cong)(cong)理(li)論(lun)上(shang)(shang)來(lai)(lai)說，K值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)按(an)(an)(an)此(ci)(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)積(ji)分(fen)求(qiu)(qiu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取淋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)裝置全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)(lai)推(tui)(tui)導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說，K值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)t1～t2而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，從(cong)(cong)Gi2-i1=1KQt1-t2得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Qu，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)淋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)、出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)差(cha)(cha)(cha)，即得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：左(zuo)右(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)C均可(ke)(ke)(ke)去除(chu)，從(cong)(cong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=總(zong)(zong)(zong)散(san)(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，而(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Gi2-i1，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)從(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：Qt1-t2+Qut2=Gi2-i1，左(zuo)右(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)除(chu)Gi2-i1得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：把式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-30移項，并結合式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)6-29得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：